Question 1

What is the best diet for managing Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Low-glycemic diets limiting refined carbs (<45% of calories) and prioritizing fiber (25–38g/day), lean protein, and healthy fats are consistently supported by ADA guidelines. The Mediterranean diet shows the strongest evidence for HbA1c reduction and cardiovascular protection.

Question 2

How does diet affect hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Accepted Answer

The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) reduces systolic blood pressure by 8–14 mmHg — comparable to medication. It emphasizes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and limits sodium to <2,300 mg/day (1,500 mg if already hypertensive).

Question 3

What foods should people with gout avoid?

Accepted Answer

High-purine foods trigger uric acid buildup: organ meats (liver, kidney), shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster), red meat, beer, and high-fructose corn syrup. Low-purine options: eggs, low-fat dairy, vegetables, and plant protein. Hydration (2–3L water/day) reduces crystallization risk.

Question 4

What are the best nutritional strategies for chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

CKD requires limiting protein (0.6–0.8g/kg/day for non-dialysis patients), potassium (<2,000–3,000 mg/day), phosphorus (<1,000 mg/day), and sodium (<2,300 mg/day). Dialysis patients have different requirements. Always follow nephrologist guidelines, as needs change by CKD stage.

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